Stainless Steel 410
| Chemical Analysis | |
|---|---|
| C | Carbon 0.15 max |
| Mn | Manganese 1.00 max |
| P | Phosphorus 0.040 max |
| S | Sulfur 0.030 max |
| Si | Silicon 1.00 max |
| Cr | Chromium 11.5 – 13.5 |
General Characteristics of Stainless Steel 410
This is the basic martensitic stainless steel. It is used for highly stressed parts where a degree of corrosion resistance, strength and ductility are required. The alloy can be used up to 1200ºF (650ºC) where resistance to scaling is required, and readily hot worked by forging and upsetting.
Applications of Stainless Steel 410
This alloy may be used for steam turbine buckets, blades, bucket covers, gas turbine compressor blades, nuclear reactor control rod mechanisms, forged valves, fasteners, shafting, pump parts and machine parts
Forging Stainless Steel 410
This alloy may be readily forged, headed or upset. It requires more blows or a heavier hammer than does mild steel. It should be heated uniformly to 2000/2200ºF (1095/1205ºC), depending upon the degree of deformation, then forged and air cooled. Large forgings should be furnace cooled or cooled in dry lime. This grade should not be forged below 1650ºF (900ºC).
Heat Treatment
Annealing
Heat uniformly to 1200/1400ºF (650/760ºC) and air cool, to give approximately 187 BHN. For better machinabilty reduce annealing temperature to give higher hardness. For maximum softness heat to 1500/1650ºF (815/900ºC) and slow furnace cool to give approximately 155 BHN.
Hardening
Heat to 1750/1850ºF (955/1010ºC), soak and quench in oil or air cool.
Tempering
Temper at temperatures appropriate to produce desired mechanical properties. Soak for at least one hour, longer for larger sections, and air cool.
If this alloy is tempered in the range 750/1050ºF (400/565ºC) there will be a decrease in impact strength and in corrosion resistance – depending upon the media. If tempering in this range is necessary to obtain the desired strength and ductility values, it may be that in many cases the reduced impact strength is not a problem and that the corrosion resistance is only slightly reduced.
Machinability
In its softest condition, type 410 stainless is tough and chips build up on tools. Better finishes are obtained in the cold drawn or heat-treated condition. If higher mechanical properties are required, the material can be machined up to Rc 35.
Weldability
Type 410 may be satisfactorily welded. Parts should be preheated at 350/400ºF (180/205ºC) to prevent cracking, particularly in heavy sections. Since the alloy is air hardening, parts should be annealed immediately after welding.
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