AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
| Chemical Analysis | |
|---|---|
| C | Carbon 0.43 – 0.50 |
| Mn | Manganese 0.60 – 0.90 max |
| P | Phosphorus 0.040 max |
| S | Sulfur 0.050 max |
General characteristics of Carbon Steel 1045
C1045 is a medium carbon, medium tensile steel supplied as forged or normalized. This steel shows reasonable strength and toughness. C1045 will through harden to 2.5” (63mm) with a tensile strength of 66-120 Ksi (620-850 MPa)
C1045 is a versatile medium carbon engineering steel that can be through hardened to, as well as being flame or induction hardened. The steel can be readily welded and machined providing correct procedures are followed.
Applications
This grade of steel is used for axles, bolts, forged connecting rods, crankshafts, torsion bars, light gears, guide rods etc.
Forging
C1045 is forged from around 2200ºF (1205ºC) down to a temperature in the range1650-1700ºF (900-925ºC.) The actual forging and finishing temperatures will depend on a number of factors, including overall reduction during forging and complexity of part being forged. Experience alone will determine near exact values for these two parameters.
Parts are air cooled after forging.
Heat treatment
Annealing
Full annealing of small C1045 forgings is carried out from 1450-1600ºF (790-870ºC)
followed by furnace cooling at 50ºF (28ºC) per hour, to 1200ºF (650ºC) soaking and air cooling.
Normalizing
The normalizing temperature for this grade is typically 1650-1700ºF (900-925ºC.)
Normalizing is followed by cooling in still air. When forgings are normalized before hardening and tempering or other heat treatment, the upper range of the normalizing temperature is used. When normalizing is the final treatment, the lower temperature range is used.
Hardening
Hardening of this grade is carried out from an austenitizing temperature of 1475-1550ºF (800-845ºC) and oil or water quenching.
Flame and induction hardening may be carried out by heating quickly to the desired case depth and quenching in water or oil. This should be followed by a tempering treatment at 300-400ºF (150-200ºC) to reduce stresses in the case without affecting its hardness. A surface hardness of Rc 58 may be obtained by this treatment.
Tempering
Tempering after normal hardening and oil or water quenching is carried out at 750-1260 ºF (400-680ºC) to give the required mechanical properties as determined by practical experience.
Machinability
Machinability of C1045 is good providing the full annealing cycle described above is used, ensuring a coarse lamellar pearlite to coarse spheroidite microstructure.
Weldability
This grade is readily welded with the correct procedure. Welding in the through hardened or flame or induction hardened conditions is not recommended.
Low-hydrogen electrodes are recommended together with preheat at 400-570ºF (200-300 ºC.) to be maintained during welding, Cool slowly in sand or ashes and stress relieve where possible.
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